Reference
Finance & Wealth Glossary
Plain-English definitions of 50+ terms used in billionaire tracking, company analysis, and financial markets.
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B
C
Centibillionaire
An individual with a net worth exceeding $100 billion.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
The highest-ranking executive responsible for running a company.
Capital Gains
Profit made from selling an asset for more than its purchase price.
Cryptocurrency
A digital or virtual currency secured by cryptography.
D
E
Equity
Ownership interest in a company, represented by shares.
Enterprise Value
A measure of a company's total value, including debt and excluding cash.
EBITDA
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation.
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
A company's net profit divided by its number of outstanding shares.
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H
I
IPO (Initial Public Offering)
The process by which a private company first offers shares to the public.
Interest Rate
The cost of borrowing money, expressed as a percentage.
Inflation
A general increase in prices and decrease in purchasing power over time.
ICO (Initial Coin Offering)
A fundraising mechanism in which a company issues cryptocurrency tokens.
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P
Profit Margin
The percentage of revenue that becomes profit.
Private Equity
Investment in companies not listed on a public stock exchange.
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)
Stock price divided by earnings per share — a measure of how expensive a stock is.
Philanthropy
Charitable giving by individuals or organisations to benefit society.
Private Company
A company whose shares are not available to the public on a stock exchange.
R
Revenue
Total income generated by a company before any expenses are deducted.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Company shares granted to employees that vest over time.
Real Estate
Land and property, including residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust)
A company that owns income-producing real estate and distributes earnings to investors.
S
Stock Price
The price at which a single share of a company trades on a stock exchange.
Share Buyback
When a company repurchases its own shares from the open market.
Short Selling
Borrowing and selling shares with the expectation of buying them back at a lower price.
Shareholder
An individual or entity that owns shares in a company.
Stock Options
The right to buy company shares at a fixed price within a set period.
SPAC (Special Purpose Acquisition Company)
A blank-cheque company raised via IPO to merge with a private company.
Supply Chain
The network of organisations and processes involved in producing and delivering a product.
Semiconductor
Materials or devices used to manufacture integrated circuits (chips).
Sovereign Wealth Fund
A state-owned investment fund investing national savings or revenue.